Father of all subjects

Father of Nation - Mahatma Gandhi  
Father of Indian Renaissance - Rajaram Mohan Roy 
Father of Indian Nationalism - Surendranath Banarjee 
Father of Indian Unrest - Bal Gangadhara Tilak  
Father of Indian Economy - Dadabhai Naoroji  
Father of Atomic Science - H J. Bhabha 
Father of Atom Bomb - Rajaramanna  
Father of Space - Vikram Sarabbai 
Father of Indian Engineering - M. Visvesvaraya 
Father of Planning - M. Visvesvaraya  
Father of Indian Industry - J.R.D. Tata 
Father of Civil Aviation - J.R.D. Tata
Father of Indian Budget - P.C. Mahalanobis  
Father of Green Revolution- Dr.M.S. Swaminathan  
Father of Indian Ornithology - A.O.Hume
Father of Ayurveda - Athreya
Father of Surgery - Susruta
Father of Journalism - M. Chalapathi Rao
Father of Indian Anthropology  - S.C. Roy
Father of Indian IT - Rajiv Gandhi
Father of Indian Sports Education - H.C. Buck
Father of Sanskrit Drama - Kalidasa
Father of Indian Cinema - Dada Sahib Phalke 
Father of Indian Painting - Nandalal Bose
Father of Local Self Govt, in India - Lord Rippon 
Father of Indian Railway - Lord Dalhousie
Father of Indian Printing - James Augustus Hickey
Father of Indian Archaeology - Alexander Cunningham 
Father of Indian History - Kalhanan
Father of Economics and Politics - Dadabhai Naoroji
Father of Indian English Novel - Mulk Raj Anand
Father of Indian Botany - William Roxburgh 
Father of Indian Super Computer - Vijay.P. Bhatkar
Father of Co-operative Movement in India - Frederic Nicholson

Dalit Literature

Dalit Literature

The demolition of caste walls intended to segregate Dalits from other caste Hindus still appears in our newspapers. This shows that casteism is still a cruel reality in our country. The caste system in India and the racism in America and other European countries have played and still

play an important role in destroying the self esteem and identity of the oppressed group – the Dalits. Erik.H.Erikson’s concept of “Pseudo speciation” explains the psychology of both the

masters and the victims.   Certain tribes, castes, or nations consider themselves superior to certain

other groups, as they believe that they are chosen by God. So instead of accepting the equality of all human beings they try to assert their superiority upon what they call the “inferiors” and torture

them.

Ralph Ellison, James Baldwin, Amiri Baraka and Ismael Reed are some of the few Afro-American writers who have lifted modern Afro-American literature to great heights and as the same time waging war against racialism.

Dalits could voice their bitterness at the caste prejudice and social oppression through their literature, only after the arrival of Dr. Ambedakar as an outstanding national leader with his revolutionary ideas for the social upliftment of the Dalits. The writers who had become familiar with the Black movements and literature established the political movement called the Dalit Panthers in Bombay in 1972. In their holy war for social justice, the Dalit writers portray their hopes and aspirations as also their fight for survival and their day to day life experience which are humiliating and degrading. Their view of protest also pervades their literature.

But the origin of Dalit literature goes back to 1950s. Siddartha Sahitya Sangha (1950) later known as Maharashtra Dalit Sahitya Sangha began the process of Dalit Literature as a movement

and convened its first literary conference in 1958 in Bombay. This inspired Dalit writers to take up their cause with great vigour. They spread Ambedkar’s message, later called Ambedkarism,

throughout Maharashtra.    One of the important decisions at the conference was the defining of

Dalit literature as that written by the Dalits themselves and also those written by others about the Dalits. The term “dalit” denotes “downtrodden” while Dalit literature does not simply mean the

literature of the downtrodden, but it is an expression of Dalit consciousness, their anxieties, their feeling, their experiences and their struggles. Dalit literature therefore is a product of new awareness and is a literature of protest too. Dalit writers view the established literature as an upper class one and hold the view that their literature is more in the tradition of great humanistic literature of the world.

Poisoned Bread, published in 1992 is an anthology of Dalit writing including poems, prose, and criticism translated from Marathi into English. The Oxford India Anthology of Malayalam Dalit Writing being published by Oxford University Press and co-edited by Dr M Dasan, Dr V Pratibha, Dr Pradeepan Pampirikunnu, and Dr CS Chandrika is a representative collection of the translations of Malayalam Dalit writings from the early 20th century to the present times. It really is an attempt to bring out the silenced and marginalized voices unrepresented until now. It includes a collection of Dalit writings in different genres (forms of literature) including poetry, short story, novel, biography, plays, and critical essays by thirty seven writers.

What is critical writing?

What is critical writing?       

    To write critically means to actually think about what a piece of literature means and find a way to express what it says to you. You must "consider" the work, form opinions about what you have read, and think about how the ideas in the work connect to the world in a larger way.
            
         In your paper, you will most likely discuss how certain literary techniques are used to convey specific ideas. You will not rate how good or bad an author is. You will discuss what a piece means and how it achieves its effect. To write critically, you must provide analysis of specific points. You will explain how the events (quotes, actions, speech, examples, etc.) demonstrate themes and ideas. In the following paragraph, the essay writer explains what the ruby slippers represent in an example of critical analysis:

          "The red ruby slippers represent Dorothy's untapped power. She wears the shoes throughout the entire story, never understanding that she could have used them all along to go home. The Good Witch, Glinda, points out what Dorothy hasn't realized when she says, "You've had the power all along." Dorothy, like her friends the Scarecrow, the Tinman, and the Lion, was always able to solve her own problems but never looked inside herself to do it. When she taps her feet together, she takes control and uses her own resources."

           Notice that in this analysis, the author uses examples and quotes to support his point. (That the ruby slippers represent Dorothy's untapped power.) The author does not just present quotes separately; he works them smoothly into grammatical sentences that show how they function in the story. The essay writer also uses dependent clauses: "When she taps her feet together (plus your opinion of what this action means)" to show what ideas a specific example from the story demonstrates. He doesn't just tell what happens. He uses a topic sentence to clearly explain that the paragraph will discuss the meaning of the slippers.

Newspapers

                   Newspapers are periodically published documents that carry current information about the society. Earlier newspapers were not daily publications as we see now. They were published weekly or bi-weekly. This was due o the absence of adequate technology and newsgathering system. By the early 19th century, power press was invented. This led to fast printing. Invention of telegraph and teleprinter also helped us gather news from remote places. This all facilitated the introduction of daily newspapers.

Importance of Communication

                Communication is important for all beings that lead community life and form relationship. For human beings communication is as essential as food, shelter and dignity. While animal kingdom uses low level symbols for communication, human beings have unique capacity to use language.

                The basic foundation of human society is communication and it takes place at different levels – within oneself, between individuals, between individual and a group, between groups, between countries and so on. Similarly, we use verbal and non-verbal forms of messages for communication.

FILM EDITING

                   A creative post production process of filmmaking, editing now involves advanced digital devices unlike the past when the process was done with cutting and pasting films using some mechanical devices. Editor selects shots required for the final production from raw footage and combines them in a sequence to make the final movie. An editor’s job requires art and technical skills.

SCRIPTING TV NEWS

                 Broadcast writing means writing for the radio and television. In style and tone, writing for the both the media are similar to great extent. The major different is that television news story must complement with visuals attached.